Index
A
- A Cultural Reader
- A World Without Words
- Aart de Jong
- Abstract
- Activism
- Ad Reinhardt
- Adam Charlap Hyman
- Adam Stech
- Adolf Loos
- African
- Agnes and Rhoda Garrett
- Ai Weiwei
- AIDS Memorial Quilt
- Air France
- Airline Industry
- Airports
- Alaska
- Aleishall Girard Maxon
- Alex Kroll
- Alex Reed
- Alexander Calder
- Alexander Girard
- Alexander Scrimgeour
- Alexandra Cunningham Cameron
- Alice Faye
- Alice Rawsthorn
- Aliki van der Kruijs
- All Books
- Althea McNish
- Altmann & Kühne
- Alvar Aalto
- amassblog
- Ambrosino Sulca
- Amelia Stein
- American
- American Arts and Crafts
- Amsterdam
- Amy Auscherman
- Amy Sherlock
- Ana Elena Mallet
- Analog
- Analytical Engine
- Ancestral
- Ancient
- Andalusia
- André Breton
- Andrée Putman
- Andrija Mutnjakovic
- Andy Rementer
- Andy Warhol
- Angora
- Animals
- Animation
- Ann Linn Palm Hansen
- Ann Macbeth
- Anna Andreeva
- Annelise Zwez
- Anni Albers
- Anniversary
- Anny Li
- Anthony Dunne
- Antiques
- Antonia Pinter
- Antonin Kybal
- Applied Art
- Appropriation
- Archaeology
- Architecture
- Archive
- Archizoom
- Arcosanti
- Aric Chen
- Arita
- Arlene Blum
- Art Auction
- Art Brut
- Art Collecting
- Art Deco
- Art History
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Art Therapy
- Artek
- Artists’ Textiles Picasso to Warhol
- Arts and Crafts
- Asafo Flag
- Association
- Atlas
- Atlas Mountains
- Austria
- Automotive
- Avant-garde
- Ayacucho
B
- Backhausen
- Bags
- Balance
- Baltimore
- Bamboo
- Barcelona
- Bart Hess
- Bas-relief
- Bathing
- Batik
- Bauer Type Foundry
- Bauhaus
- BBC
- Bears
- Beatriz Milhazes
- Beauport House
- Bedoret House
- Bedroom
- Beds
- Belgium
- Bellerby & Co
- Ben Davis
- Ben Shaffer
- Ben Watson
- Bentwood
- Bernadette Deddens
- Bernard Leach
- Bernat Klein
- Bertjan Pot
- Betty Woodman
- Billie Holiday
- Billie Muraben
- Billie Whitelaw
- Biography
- Biology
- Birds
- Black Mountain College
- Black World
- Blexbolex
- Blue Note Records
- BMW
- Board Game
- Bohemianism
- Bolivia
- Bonnie Cashin
- Book Thing
- Booklist
- Books
- Bottom Ash Observatory
- Boundaries
- Bradley Brooks
- Braniff International Airways
- Brazil
- Brian Howard
- Brian Janusiak
- Brian Maebius
- Bright Young People
- Britain
- British
- Brooke Hodge
- Brooklyn Museum
- Bruce Goff
- Bruce Willen
- Bruno Hat
- Brutalism
- Brutalist
- Bucket of Bottom Ash
- Buddhist
- Busby Berkeley
- Butt Johnson
- Buttons
C
- Cabinets
- Calais
- California
- Camille Okhio
- Caminho Niemeyer
- Camp Nest
- Candice Lin
- Candlesticks
- Caribbean Artists
- Carl Auböck
- Carl Hansem
- Carlo Mollino
- Carlo Scarpa
- Carmen Miranda
- Carpet
- Cars
- Cartography
- Cartoon
- Casa Cien
- Casa Mollino
- Casa Tabarelli
- Casey Reas
- Catherine Ince
- Cats
- Cecil Beaton
- Ceramica Artistica Solimene
- Ceramics
- Ceremony
- Chair
- Chandigarh
- Chanel
- Chaos Theory
- Charles and Ray Eames
- Charles Babbage
- Charles Jencks
- Charles Mingus
- Charlotte Perriand
- Chiharu Shiota
- Children
- Chile
- China
- Choreography
- Christene Barberich
- Christianity
- Christien Meindertsma
- Christina Broom
- Christoph Kicherer
- Christopher Dresser
- Christy Matson
- Church
- Cini Boeri
- Cinzia Ruggeri
- Circles
- Clara Porset
- Classicism
- Claudy Jongstra
- Clay
- Cleve Jones
- Climate Week NYC
- Clocks
- Closerie Falbala
- Coach
- Coade
- Coast
- Collaboration
- Collage
- Collecting
- Collection
- Colonialism
- Colony
- Color
- Color Coding
- Colorists
- Colourcraft
- Comic Book Art
- Comme des Garçons
- Commune
- Communism
- Community
- Composition
- Computer
- Conceptual Art
- Concorde
- Concrete
- Concrete Art
- Condé Nast
- Constance Spry
- Constructivism
- Conversation Pits
- Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum
- Coptic
- Corporate Identity
- Correspondence
- Cortex Cast
- Cosm
- Costume Design
- Courtyard
- Craft
- CreativeMornings
- Cribbage
- Criticism
- Cuba
- Curator
- Curtis Anderson
- Curvature
- Cutlery
- Cutwork
- cyan
- Cybernetics
- Czechoslovakia
D
- Dada
- Dagobert Peche
- Daina Taimina
- Dalida Maria Benfield
- Dan Graham
- Dance
- Daniel Buren
- Daniele Frazier
- Danish
- Dante Bini
- Darning Samplers
- Dartington Hall
- Data Visualization
- David Bailey
- David Chipperfield
- David Hockney
- de Vera
- Decadence
- Decoration
- Demolition
- Des-in
- Desert X
- Design
- Design Academy Eindhoven
- Designed Objects
- Deyan Sudjic
- Diagrams
- Digital
- Dining Room
- Display
- Ditchling
- Diversity
- Divinity
- DIY
- Dizzy Gillespie
- Documentary
- Dome
- Domestic
- Dominique de Menil
- Donald Judd
- Dorothy Grebenak
- Douglas Coupland
- Drawing
- Drenthe Heath
- Dunes
- Dutch
- Dye
E
- Ecology
- Ed Ruscha
- Edinburgh
- Edo Period
- Eduardo Paolozzi
- Education
- Edward Steichen
- Eero Saarinen
- Egypt
- El Anatsui
- El Lissitzky
- Eleaine Reichek
- Elemental
- Elena Ferrante
- Eliot Noyes
- Elisabeth Kley
- Elisabeth Tomalin
- Elizabeth Beer
- Elizabeth Bowen
- Elizabeth Friedlander
- Elizabeth Peacock
- Ella Christopherson
- Ella Fitzgerald
- Ellsworth Kelly
- Embroidery
- Emeric Pressburger
- Emily King
- Emma Kunz
- Emmanuel Olunkwa
- Emmett Williams
- Engineering
- England
- Enrique Yáñez
- Environmentalism
- Eric N. Mack
- Erik Andriesse
- Erik Benjamins
- Es Devlin
- Espoo Museum of Modern Art
- Established & Sons
- Etel Adnan
- Ethel Mairet
- Ettore Sottsass
- Eulie Chowdhury
- Europa
- Europe
- Eva Zeisel
- Exhibition Design
- Exhibition Review
- Experimenta Typographica
- Expressionism
F
- F. C. B. Cadell
- Fairy tale
- Fantasy
- Farming
- Fashion
- Faust
- Federico de Vera
- Felice Rix-Ueno
- Felix Burrichter
- Felt
- Feminism
- Fernand Léger
- Fernlund+Logan
- Ferrari
- Fiction
- Film
- Finland
- Fiona Raby
- Fish
- Flemish
- Floors
- Floral
- Florence Nightingale
- Floris Wubben
- Flowers
- Folk Art
- Folklore
- Football
- Footwear
- Forcefield
- Forestry
- Fowler Museum
- Frame Magazine
- Francisco Artigas
- Franco Albini
- Frank Gehry
- Frank Lloyd Wright
- Frederick Kiesler
- Frederick Winslow Taylor
- Frederiksberg Museums
- Fredrick Rolfe
- FreelingWaters
- French
- French Curves
- Freshkills Park
- Frida Hansen
- Friedman Benda
- Frieze
- Fritz Dietl
- Fritz Lampl
- Frottage
- Functionalism
- Fur
- Furniture
- Future Systems
G
- G. Lorenzi
- Gabriel Maher
- Gallery House
- Galloway
- Galt Toys
- Gandhi
- Garden
- Garden Court
- Gee's Bend
- Gem Fletcher
- Gemma Holt
- Gender
- Geography
- Geometry
- Georg Jensen
- George Nelson
- Georgian Era
- German
- Germany
- Gert McMullin
- Gertrud Grunow
- Ghana
- Gilded Age
- Gio Ponti
- Giobatto Meneguzzo
- Girard Studio
- GJ Chair
- Glasgow
- Glasgow School of Art
- Glass
- Glaze
- Global
- Globes
- Gluck
- Goodbye Baby & Amen: A Saraband for the Sixties
- Gopi
- Gospels
- Government
- Grace Banks
- Grammar of Ornament
- Grant Klarich Johnson
- Graphic Design
- Graphics
- Gravure
- Greek
- Green Science Policy Institute
- Greenland
- Greg Lynn
- Grete Jalk
- Grete Lihotzky
- Gropius Bau
- Gruppo 9999
- Guachimontones
- Guggenheim
- Guillaume Benaich
- Guiseppe Castiglione
- Gunnar Aagaard Andersen
- Gunta Stölzl
- Gustavsberg
- Guus Kusters
- Guyton\Walker
- György Kepes
- Gyotaku
H
- Hadrian the Seventh
- Hakone
- Hammer Museum
- Hand-dyed
- Handbag
- Handmade
- Handweaving
- Handwork
- Handwriting
- Hans Christian Andersen
- Hans Gugleot
- Hans Helvig
- Hans Henny Jahn
- Hans J. Wegner
- Hans Monderman
- Hans Ulrich Obrist
- Hardware
- Harmen Liemburg
- Harper's Bazaar
- Hayes Court
- Healing
- Healthcare
- Heirloom
- Hella Jongerius
- Henk Wildschut
- Henna
- Henri Jacobs
- Henri Matisse
- Henri Michaux
- Henry Chapman Mercer
- Henry Davis Sleeper
- Henry Tooth
- Herbert Bayer
- Herbert Pfostl
- Herbert Spencer
- Herman Miller
- Hilma af Klint
- Hindu
- Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Hiroshi Teshigahara
- Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- Hishaku
- History
- Holistic
- Homes
- Horsehair
- Horticulture
- Hospitals
- Humor
- Hungary
I
- I swear I use no art at all
- Ian Luna
- IBM
- Iconography
- IdeasCity
- Ikat
- Ikebana
- Illness
- Illumination
- Illustration
- Inaash
- Incan
- India
- Indigenous
- Indigo
- Industrial Design
- Innovation
- Inquiry
- Insignia
- Installation
- Intarsia
- Interior Design
- Interiors
- International Style
- Interview
- Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade
- Inverness
- Invitation
- Iran
- Ireland
- Irma Boom
- Irving Harper
- Isaburo Ueno
- Isamu Noguchi
- Islamic
- Issey Miyake
- Italian Coast
- Italy
J
- J. Irwin Miller
- J.B. Blunk
- Jack Tinker & Partners
- Jacob Hashimoto
- Jacob Studio
- Jacquard
- Jacques Dupuis
- Jake Evill
- James Abbott McNeill Whistler
- James Jean
- Jan Kaplický
- Jan Tschichold
- Jane Palmer
- Jane Withers
- Japan
- Jasper Johns
- Jasper Morrison
- Jazz
- Jean Arp
- Jean Dubuffet
- Jeremy Lewis
- Jessica Hemmings
- Jewelry
- Jewish
- Jim Bassler
- Jim Drain
- Jing He
- Joan Didion
- Joan Miró
- Job Smeets
- Joe Maharam
- Johann Kauth
- Johannes Itten
- John Baldessari
- John Cage
- John Cohen
- John Maeda
- John Pawson
- Jon Beacham
- Jongeriuslab
- Joost Grootens
- Jörg Heiser
- Jos Klarenbeek
- José Esparza Chong Cuy
- Josef Albers
- Josef Hoffmann
- Joseph Beuys
- Joseph Holtzman
- Joseph-Marie Jacquard
- Joshua Beckman
- JP Williams
- Judit Kárász
- Jugendstil
- Julia Lohmann
- Julius Schulman
- Jun’ichi Arai
- Jutta Hipp
K
- Kaare Klint
- Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
- Kanye West
- Karel Martens
- Karen Azoulay
- Katherine Pleydell-Bouverie
- Keisuke Serizawa
- Kelley Walker
- Ken Garland
- Kew Gardens
- Khadhi
- Kindergarten
- Kinetic Art
- Kite Club
- Kite Making
- Kites
- Knit
- Knud Erik Hansen
- Koloman Moser
- Kombu
- Konstantin Grcic
- Kooky Zuki
- Korea
- Kori Girard
- Kroll Family
- Kustaa Saksi
- Kyoto
L
- La Fonda del Sol
- Labor
- Laboratorio Morseletto
- Lampposts
- Landscape
- Landscape Stone
- László Moholy-Nagy
- Lauren O'Neill-Butler
- Lawrence Weiner
- Le Corbusier
- Le Parador
- Le Roi
- Le Versant Sud
- Leather
- Lena Bergner
- Leon Ransmeier
- Leonard Koren
- Leopold Museum
- Les Arcs
- Leslie Williamson
- Letters
- Liam Gillick
- Libby Sellers
- Lichtrequisit
- Lidewij Edelkoort
- Liesbeth Abbenes
- Lifestyle
- Light
- Lighting
- Lilla Zoo
- Limestone
- Linthorpe
- Linthorpe Art Pottery
- Lisa Larson
- Lisa Lowe
- Literature
- Livestock
- Lo Scarabeo sotto la Foglia
- Lobmeyr
- Loie Fuller
- London
- Louis Comfort Tiffany
- Louis Maharam
- Louise Bourgeois
- Louise Kiesling
- Louise Schouwenberg
- Lucie Rie
- Luis Barragán
- Luma Projects
M
- Maarten Kolk
- Macclesfield
- Macclesfield Stripe
- Maggie Keswick Jencks
- Maharam
- Maharam Accessories
- Maharam Collaborator
- Maharam Design Studio
- Maharam Digital Projects
- Maharam History
- Maharam Polder
- Maharam Serpentine Galleries Wallpaper Collection
- Maharam Shell Chair Project
- Maharam Stories
- Maira Kalman
- Malgorzata Dzierzon
- Manchester
- Mansur Gavriel
- Manufacturing
- Map of Mingei in Japan
- Maps
- Marble
- Marc Camille Chaimowicz
- Marc Chagall
- Marcel Breuer
- Marco Velardi
- Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky
- Margherita Manca
- Marginalia
- Maria Sibylla Merian
- Mariah Nielson
- Marian Bantjes
- Marilyn Minter
- Marilynne Robinson
- Marinaro Gallery
- Mario Praz
- Marks and Spencer
- Mart Stam
- Martine Syms
- Mary Lowndes
- Mary Murphy
- Mary Ping
- Massimo De Carlo
- Masterpiece
- Material
- Math
- Mathijs Labadie
- Matilda McQuaid
- Matthew Stadler
- Matylda Krzykowski
- Maurice Scheltens
- Max Bill
- Max Ernst
- Max Lamb
- May Wang
- Media
- Medici
- Medina
- Mediterranean
- Memory
- Memphis
- Merce Cunningham
- Mere Anarchy
- Metal
- Metal Type
- Metalsmith
- Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Mexico
- Mexicotton
- Michael Anastassiades
- Michael Bullock
- Michael Cataldi
- Michael Maharam
- Michelangelo Antonioni
- Mies van der Rohe
- Migration
- Mike Abelson
- Milan
- Military Patches
- Miller House
- Mingei
- Miniature Painting
- Minimalism
- Miranda Lichtenstein
- Miuccia Prada
- Mmuseumm
- Modernism
- Modernist
- Mohair
- Moka Pot
- MoMA
- Mona Hatoum
- Monotype
- Monte Albán
- Moravian Pottery and Tile Works
- Morgan Library
- Morgans Hotel
- Morocco
- Morseletto
- Moss
- Moss Bureau
- Mount Everest
- Muqarnas
- Murals
- Muromachi
- Murray Moss
- Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
- Musée Picasso
- Museo Ferrari
- Museum
- Museum of Applied Arts
- Museum of International Folk Art
- Music
- My Ullmann
- Mythology
N
- Nanda Vigo
- Natasha Kroll
- Nathalie du Pasquier
- National AIDS Memorial
- National Park Posters
- Native American
- Natural Dye
- Natural Materials
- Nature
- Needlepoint
- Neil Logan
- NeoCon
- Nest Magazine
- Netherlands
- Neurology
- New Delhi
- New Mexico
- New Museum
- New Wave Movement
- New York
- New York City AIDS Memorial
- New York Times
- Nick Ballón
- Nigel Henderson
- Nigeria
- Nike
- Nike Innovation Kitchen
- Nina Beier
- Niterói Contemporary Art Museum
- No. 7 Chair
- Nonwovens
- Noon Design Studio
- North
- Norwegian
- Nova Scotia
- Numbers
- NUNO
- Nursery
- Nynke Tynagel
O
P
- Pablo Picasso
- Paimio Sanatorium
- Painting
- Paisley
- Palazzo Grassi
- Palestine
- Pandemic
- Panel Discussion
- Paola Lenti
- Paolo Soleri
- Papal Rooms
- Paper
- Papier-Mâché
- Paris
- Patricia No
- Patrik Ervell
- Pattern
- Paul Elliman
- Paul Klee
- Paul Makovsky
- Paul P.
- Paul Rand
- Paul Smith
- Pauline Schindler
- Pedro Almodóvar
- Pelican Books
- Penguin
- Pennsylvania
- Pentagon
- Perception
- Performance
- Perin Jamsetjee Mistri
- Peruvian
- Peter Aldington
- Peter Marigold
- Peter Shire
- Pezo von Ellrichshausen
- PFAS
- Philosophy
- Photography
- Pierre Cardin
- Pierre Jeanneret
- Piet Hein
- Piet Oudolf
- Pietra Paesina
- Pietro Morseletto
- Pilar Viladas
- PIN-UP
- Pine
- Plants
- Plastic
- Playboy Magazine
- Playwright
- Pleats Please
- Plywood
- Pocone
- Poetry
- Pohjola
- Politics
- Polka Dots
- Pop Art
- Porcelain
- Porch Light (lamp and chair)
- Porsche
- Portland
- Portraiture
- Portugal
- Post Typography
- Postalco
- Poster
- Postmodernism
- Postwar
- Pottery
- Pragmatism
- Pre-Columbian
- Pringles
- Printing
- Printmaking
- Process
- Product Design
- Protest
- Psychedelic
- Public Art
- Public Education
- Public Service
- Public Space
- Publication Studio
- Publishing
- Punch Card
- Punk
- Pyramids
Q
R
- R. Buckminster Fuller
- Rachel Comey
- Raddle
- Radical Design
- Ralph Barton
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Ran Bi
- Ranger Doug
- Ratio 3
- Raw Materials
- Raymond Loewy
- Recipe
- Red
- Reduction
- Rei Kawakubo
- Reiko Sudo
- Reimann-Schule
- Religion
- Rem Koolhaas
- Rembrandt
- Renato Bialetti
- Rennaissance
- Renovation
- Reproducing Scholten & Baijings
- Resilience
- Restoration
- Richard Avedon
- Richard Diebenkorn
- Richard Wright
- Rijksmuseum Twenthe
- RISD
- Risograph
- Rizzoli
- Road Signs
- Rob Giampietro
- Robert Capa
- Robert Gober
- Robert Mapplethorpe
- Robert Rauschenberg
- Roberto Burle Marx
- Rome
- Romeyn Hough
- Rosanjin Kitaoji
- Rosemarie Trockel
- Rotterdam
- Rousham Park
- Roy Lichtenstein
- Rubbing
- Rudolf Stehli
- Rudolph Schindler
- Rug
- Ruin
- Ruth Asawa
- Ruth Clement Bond
- Ruth Laskey
S
- Sabon
- Sacred
- Safety
- Saidiya Hartman
- Salone Internazionale del Mobile
- Salvador Dalí
- Sam You Made the Pants Too Fragrant
- Sami
- Sampler
- Samuel Beckett
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
- San Francisco
- SANAA
- Sander Lak
- Sandplay Therapy
- Sanou Oumar
- Santa Fe
- Sarah Losh
- Sarah Morris
- Sari Sui
- Sasha Huber
- Satire
- Scandinavian
- Scent
- Scheltens & Abbenes
- Schindler House
- Scholten & Baijings
- Scotland
- Scott Burton
- Scott Gilbert
- Scott Treleaven
- Sculpture
- Seashell
- Seating
- Seaweed
- Sebastian Wrong
- Serra d'Irta
- Shabd Simon-Alexander
- Shahzia Sikander
- Shaker
- Sheep
- Sheila Hicks
- Shell Chair
- Shibori
- Shima-cho
- Shingo Modegi
- Shiro Kuramata
- Shop
- Showroom
- Sies Marjan
- Silk
- Silkscreen
- Silversmith
- Sina Sohrab
- Sir Nikolaus Pevsner
- Sister Mary Corita
- Sixties
- Skiing
- Skill
- Skyline
- Sleep
- Slow and Steady Wins the Race
- Social Critique
- Sofu Teshigahara
- Sogetsu-ryu
- Sonia Delaunay
- Sonnhild Kestler
- Sophie Taeuber-Arp
- Sound
- Source Material
- South America
- Spaces
- Spain
- Spiritualism
- Sport
- Stage Design
- Stained Glass
- Stairs
- Statistics
- STEAM
- Stedelijk Museum
- Stefan Sagmeister
- STEM
- Stephen Beck
- Stephen Tennant
- Steven Heller
- Still Lifes
- Stone
- Stonemasonry
- Stool 60
- Storefront for Art and Architecture
- Storytelling
- Stripes
- Studio
- Studio Formafantasma
- Studio GdB
- Studio Job
- Study O Portable
- Su Wu
- Suffragette
- Sun
- Super Egg
- Superstudio
- Surface
- Surrealism
- Susan Needham Girard
- Sustainability
- Swedish
- Swimming
- Swiss Style
- Switzerland
- Sylvia Wright
- Symbol
- Symbolism
- Synesthesia
- Synthetics
- Syrie Maugham
- System Design
T
- Tabboo!
- Tactility
- Talisman
- Tanning
- Tapestry
- Tate Modern
- Tatiana Andreeva
- Taxidermy
- Technique
- Technology
- Ted Muehling
- Teizo Hashimoto
- Telares Uruapan
- Telepathy
- Television
- Tenerife
- Tennessee Williams
- Teresa Lanceta
- Terrazzo
- Tetsuo Mukai
- Teuchitlan
- Text
- Textile Art
- Textiles
- Textiles of the 20th Century
- The Brother In Elysium
- The Cosmic House
- The Cottage
- The Menil Collection
- The Serpentine Galleries
- The Thatched House
- Theater
- Theo van Doesburg
- Theory
- THINK
- Thomas Bayrle
- Thomas Eyck
- Thomas J. Watson Jr.
- Tie-Dye
- TIME Magazine
- Timo Nasseri
- Todd Oldham
- Togo Murano
- Tokyo
- Tony Arefin
- Toronto
- Tourism
- Toyo Ito
- Toys
- Tradition
- Traffic
- Transportation
- Travel
- Travis Boyer
- Travis Diehl
- Trevor Paglen
- Trinidad
- True Lies
- Tulip Pyramid
- Tulips
- Tunis
- Tunisia
- TVA Quilts
- Typographica
- Typography
V
W
- Wade Guyton
- Wallpaper
- Walter Gropius
- Walter Peterhans
- Washi
- Wassily Kandinsky
- Water
- Wax Print
- Ways of Seeing
- Weather
- Weavers
- Weaving
- Werkstätte Carl Auböck
- WET magazine
- Whitney Museum
- Whole Earth Catalog
- Wiener Werkstätte
- Willem Sandberg
- William Kent
- William Kroll
- William Morris
- Willis Kingery
- Wilsford Manor
- Window Display
- Wiwen Nilsson
- Women
- Wood
- Woodwork
- Woody Allen
- Wool
- Wouter Klein Velderman
- WPA
- Wright
- Writing
- WWII